Renewable Energy Sources in India

Renewable Energy :- Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly such as solar, wind, ocean, hydropower, biomass, geothermal resources, biofuels and hydrogen.

Type of Renewable energy

1. Solar

2. Wind

3. Ocean

4. Hydropower

5. Biomass

6. Geothermal

7. Biofuels

8. Hydrogen

Solar Energy :- Sun is the primary source of energy. Sunlight is a clean, renewable source of energy. It is a sustainable resource, meaning it doesn't run out, but can be maintained because the sun shines almost every day. Coal or gas are not sustainable or renewable: once they are gone, there is none left. More and more people are wanting to use clean, renewable energy such as solar energy, wind, geothermal steam and others. It is called 'Green Power'. It lights our houses by day, dries our clothes and agricultural produce, keeps us warm and lots more. Its potential is however much larger

Wind Energy :- Wind is the natural movement of air across the land or sea. The wind when used to turn the blades of a wind mill turns the shaft to which they are attached. This movement of shaft through a pump or generator produces electricity. The Potential for wind power generation for grid interaction has been estimated at about 1,02,788 MW taking sites having wind power density greater than 200 W/sq. m at 80 m hub-height with 2% land availability in potential areas for setting up wind farms @ 9 MW/sq. km. India now has the 4th largest wind power installed capacity in the world which has reached 34986.35 MW (as on Oct, 2018). Private agencies own 95 % of the wind farms in India.

Biomass :- The plants fix solar energy through the process of photosynthesis to produce biomass. This biomass passes through various cycles producing different forms of energy sources. For example, fodder for animals that in turn produce dung, agricultural waste for cooking, etc. The current availability of biomass in India is estimated at about 500 million MT per annum, with an estimated surplus biomass availability of about 120 – 150 million metric tons per annum covering agricultural and forestry residues. This corresponds to a potential of about 18,000 MW. An additional 7000 MW power could be generated through bagasse based cogeneration in the country’s Sugar mills.

Biofuels :- Biofuels are predominantly produced from biomass feed stocks or as a by-product from the industrial processing of agricultural or food products, or from the recovery and reprocessing of products such as cooking and vegetable oil. Biofuel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petroleum fuel to create a biofuel blend. It can be used in conventional healing equipment or diesel engine with no major modification. Biofuel is simple to use, biodegradable, non-toxic and essentially free of Sulphur and aroma.

Water :- The flowing water and the tides in the sea are sources of energy. Heavy investments are made on large projects. In recent years, hydel energy (through mini and small hydel power plants) is also used to reach power to remote villages which are unelectrified. The estimated potential of Small Hydro Power is about 15,000 MW in the country. As on October 2018, the installed capacity of Small hydro projects (upto 3MW) amounts to 4506.95 MW.

Geothermal Energy :- Geothermal Energy is heat stored in earth crust and being used for electric generation and also for direct heat application. Geothermal literally means heat generated by earth. Various resource assessment carried out by agencies established the potential 10600 MWth /1000MWe spread over 340 hot springs across seven Geothermal provinces/11 states.

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